Performance analysis of 4G wireless networks using system level simulator

Doutoramento em Engenharia ElectrotécnicaIn the last decade, mobile wireless communications have witnessed an explosive growth in the user’s penetration rate and their widespread deployment around the globe. In particular, a research topic of particular relevance in telecommunications nowadays is related to the design and implementation of mobile communication systems of 4th generation (4G). 4G networks will be characterized by the support of multiple radio access technologies in a core network fully compliant with the Internet Protocol (all IP paradigms). Such networks will sustain the stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements and the expected high data rates from the type of multimedia applications (i.e. YouTube and Skype) to be available in the near future. Therefore, 4G wireless communications system will be of paramount importance on the development of the information society in the near future. As 4G wireless services will continue to increase, this will put more and more pressure on the spectrum availability. There is a worldwide recognition that methods of spectrum managements have reached their limit and are no longer optimal, therefore new paradigms must be sought. Studies show that most of the assigned spectrum is under-utilized, thus the problem in most cases is inefficient spectrum management rather spectrum shortage. There are currently trends towards a more liberalized approach of spectrum management, which are tightly linked to what is commonly termed as Cognitive Radio (CR). Furthermore, conventional deployment of 4G wireless systems (one BS in cell and mobile deploy around it) are known to have problems in providing fairness (users closer to the BS are more benefited relatively to the cell edge users) and in covering some zones affected by shadowing, therefore the use of relays has been proposed as a solution. To evaluate and analyse the performances of 4G wireless systems software tools are normally used. Software tools have become more and more mature in recent years and their need to provide a high level evaluation of proposed algorithms and protocols is now more important. The system level simulation (SLS) tools provide a fundamental and flexible way to test all the envisioned algorithms and protocols under realistic conditions, without the need to deal with the problems of live networks or reduced scope prototypes. Furthermore, the tools allow network designers a rapid collection of a wide range of performance metrics that are useful for the analysis and optimization of different algorithms. This dissertation proposes the design and implementation of conventional system level simulator (SLS), which afterwards enhances for the 4G wireless technologies namely cognitive Radios (IEEE802.22) and Relays (IEEE802.16j). SLS is then used for the analysis of proposed algorithms and protocols.FC

Cooperative Game Theory and Its Application in Localization Algorithms

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Chapter Cooperative Game Theory and Its Application in Localization Algorithms

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Histopathological Outcome of Testicular Lesions at PIMS

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the incidence, Age wise distribution and Histopathological outcome of the testicular lesion at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad.Methodology: A retrospective study of 69 patients in which orchiectomies was done for testicular lesion from January 2013 to March 2016 at Department of Urology Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. The epidemiological data were retrieved from case files and histopathological reports. Data was analyzed in respect of side involvement, age and histological type of tumors.Results: A total of 69 patients included in the study, of which 49(71.01%) were Non-neoplastic and 20(28.98%) were neoplastic lesions. Among Non- neoplastic lesions 24(48.98%) were undescended testis, 24(48.98%) were torsion and 1(2.04%) were an abscess. A maximum number of cases were diagnosed in the second decade of life (30.62%), left side involvement (59.18%) was common then right side involvement (40.82%).Among neoplastic lesions 40% were Yolk sac tumors,30% were Mixed germ cell tumors,20% were seminoma, 5% were teratoma and 5 % were B-cell lymphoma. Most of the cases were diagnosed in the third decade of life (45%), Right side involvement (70%) was more common than left side involvement (30%).Conclusion: Testicular tumors is still common in our population, but in our study, there is no evidence of malignancy in the undescended testis

Exploranative Code Quality Documents

Good code quality is a prerequisite for efficiently developing maintainable software. In this paper, we present a novel approach to generate exploranative (explanatory and exploratory) data-driven documents that report code quality in an interactive, exploratory environment. We employ a template-based natural language generation method to create textual explanations about the code quality, dependent on data from software metrics. The interactive document is enriched by different kinds of visualization, including parallel coordinates plots and scatterplots for data exploration and graphics embedded into text. We devise an interaction model that allows users to explore code quality with consistent linking between text and visualizations; through integrated explanatory text, users are taught background knowledge about code quality aspects. Our approach to interactive documents was developed in a design study process that included software engineering and visual analytics experts. Although the solution is specific to the software engineering scenario, we discuss how the concept could generalize to multivariate data and report lessons learned in a broader scope.Comment: IEEE VIS VAST 201

Role of anterior decompression with internal fixation in dorsal spine tuberculosis

This observational study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery Lady Reading HospitalPeshawar from July 2010 to June 2012 (2 years).There were 38 patients with dorsal spine tuberculosis who underwent anterior decompression and fusion using anterior spinal instrumentation and allograft replacement. We included those patients in our study, who undergone anterior decompression with internal fixation for dorsal spine tuberculosis, of both genders irrespective of their age. We excluded those patients who were unfit for surgery, treated conservatively, involved spine other than dorsal spine or undergone procedure other than anterior approach for Carrie’s spine.Clinical outcome of the patients was assessed using the frankle grade. The patients were observed for post-operative complications, neurological improvement and bony fusion

An overview of quantum computing and quantum communication systems

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